Generalleutnant des Edlen Ordens des Heiligen Sergius für die ehemalige österreichisch-ungarische Monarchie
" Für den Kontakt mit Adligen aus den Ländern der ehemaligen österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie wird eine Vertretung eingerichtet. "
ARTÍCULO SOBRE LA NOBLE FAMILIA HÚNGARA PALFI CON OCASIÓN DE LA INCORPORACIÓN A NUESTRA CORPORACIÓN DE DON VLADIMIR PALFI, POR EL PROFESOR STEPANEK DEL INSTITUTO PABLO VI DEL CNC.:
Pálfi/Pállfy (de Erdőd)
La familia Pálfi (de Erdőd) (forma básica: Pálfi , antes Pálffy ) es una de las familias aristocráticas más famosas de Hungría.
El apellido proviene del nombre del hijo de Pavol/Pál ("Pauli filitus"), por lo que es un patronímico.
La genealogía de la familia es bastante complicada, porque la familia se diversificó mucho. Algunas ramas lograron el ascenso a una clase aristocrática superior. Primero recibieron el título de barón, a finales del siglo XVI y XVII la familia fue elevada al rango de condes y en el siglo XIX dos ramas de la familia obtuvieron el derecho a utilizar el título principesco. Sin embargo, algunas líneas permanecieron en nobleza simple sin título.
Según la literatura más antigua, se trata de una línea de la familia Konth-Hederváry. Se considera que el primer miembro de la familia fue Pavol Konth (casado con Katarína Illes), documentado en 1383. Su hijo fue Pavo/Pál Pálffy (casado con Anna Geréb), documentado en 1425. Mikuláš de Dercsika et Ráró, marido de Katarína, está registrado en el años 1480-1482 Kanyizsayi, su hijo Vavrinec luchó en Mohács (29.8.1526). Según el predicado, la familia es originaria de la ciudad de Bratislava, del pueblo de Júrová (hungría: Dercsika). Vavrinec estaba casado con Anna Bánffy de Uylak y tuvieron un hijo Pavol/Pál de Dercsik et Raró (casado con Klára Bakóc de Csorn). Pablo desterró la muerte a lo largo de su línea y con el escudo de armas.
Pavol tuvo hijos, Pedro llamado "el grande", que se casó con Žofia Dersffy, Vavrinc Literát († 1559), que murió sin descendencia, Gregor Pálffy de Kapoln (el pueblo de Kaplna en la capital de Bratislava) y Kristof, que en 1548 adquirió las fincas de Varaždin, Hegh y Dwnyhrowcz. Peter adquirió varias propiedades en Zagreb, Virovitika y Krišska Stolica junto con Ján Thompa de Fernando I en 1535. Peter tuvo ocho hijos. Capitán del castillo Tomáš (* 1534) por donación de Maximiliano II. adquirió propiedades en la capital de Bratislava en Galant , Gáni y la extinta Korokszegh, así como en las capitales de Nitra y Hontian. En 1579 adquirió propiedades de Vesprím. Ján (* 1548) fue capitán en Levice, Mikuláš (* 1552, † 1600) aseguró sus propiedades y ascendió entre la aristocracia más influyente de Hungría al casarse con Mária Fugger. Fue un héroe de las guerras contra los turcos y apoyó a la familia Habsburgo en el trono húngaro. Políticamente, sin embargo, supo maniobrar hábilmente y mantuvo la amistad con los líderes de la oposición estamental, Baltázár Batthyány, František Nádasdy y Štefan Illesházy. En 1581 recibió el título no hereditario (funcional) de barón y žútab de Bratislava. Rodolfo II. en 1584 concedió a Mikuláš el título de Comárná žútan y posteriormente adquirió el castillo de Víľaš como depósito. En 1603, a la viuda de Mikuláš, Mária Fugger, y a sus hijos se les concedieron las propiedades de Stupava y Borinka . Son Mikuláš Jr. fue rector de Bratislava desde 1607. Obtuvo la baronet húngara de manos de Rodolfo II. 6.10. 1611 Ján Pálffy. Pavol recibió el 10,10. 1625 de Fernando II. una baronet junto con el título de copero del rey. Pavol recibió 13.2. 1634 título del conteo hereditario con el predicado „de Erdöd“. Pavol Pálffy recibió la Orden del Toisón de Oro en 1651. Mikuláš (* 1710, † 1773) fue juez regional en los años 1765-1767, canciller húngaro (1758-1762), juez de la corte de los siete señores y de la curia real y recibió la Orden del Toisón de Oro. Leopoldo Jr. († 1799) fue nombrado guardián de la corona en 1768. En 1777 Ján adquirió el pueblo de Almás en Virovitická Stolica. En 1815, František adquirió enormes propiedades de Erdödy en Orava, Lietava y otros 22 municipios de Eslovaquia y Croacia en las capitales de Zagreb, Kőrőška y Varaždin. El príncipe Jozef († 1827) fundó una fundación para la biblioteca del gimnasio del seminario greco-católico de Prešov. El prefecto del trono de Bratislava y el chambelán imperial Antón tuvieron en 1838 un conflicto inmobiliario con sus familiares. En aquella época poseía propiedades en Monza y sus alrededores. En 1847, Fidel, Jefe de la Sede de Bratislava y Caballero del Toisón de Oro, recibió una donación de las propiedades de Zemplín. Nándor Leopold Pálffy–Daun, duque de Teano con su esposa Sidónia Kowitz y sus hijos Leopold, Viliam y Karol recibidos de Francisco José I. 23.1. 1879 título principesco húngaro.
Kosiński (de Rawicz)
Kosiński (de Rawicz) – familia noble polaca originaria de Kosianka y que porta el escudo de armas „Rawicz“. (La madre del abuelo de Vladimir Palfi nació Kosiński.)
Según Seweryn Uruski en el Armarium de la nobleza polaca , los Kosiński provienen de "los Prandot de Rawicz y están en el mismo distrito que las familias Trzciński y Kossecki; su ciudad natal es el Voivodato de Rawa , y tomaron su apellido del pueblo de Kosianki. , en Podlasie , donde heredaron Prandot de Kosiny 1438 Wawrzyniec (Laurenty) 1456 Bartłomiej firmó como testigo del privilegio Adán en la región de Drohick 1501“; En el siglo XV, esta familia pertenecía a la nobleza media y de bajos ingresos, pero gracias a su economía adquirieron una riqueza considerable a principios del siglo XVI .
Uno de los primeros miembros más conocidos de la familia fue Lenart Kosiński , que vivió entre los siglos XV y XVI y tenía dos hermanos, Michał y Oleksiej. En 1511 Lenart se convirtió en cortesano real y más tarde sirvió como agente de la reina Bona en Brańsk. Poseía las siguientes propiedades: Lisowo, Narojki, Czaje y Grodzisk. Dejó hijos: Adam, Feliks, Leonard, Stanisław, Mikołaj y Paweł. Adam Kosiński fue castellano de Podlaquia en los años (1569-1574). En el Sejm de Lublin, en 1569, apoyó la anexión de Podlaquia a la Corona , y el rey Segismundo Augusto lo recompensó con el cargo de castellano. El 1 de julio de 1569 firmó y selló el Acta de la Unión de Lublin . Adam Kosiński aumentó el patrimonio heredado de Lenart. Adquirió numerosas propiedades mediante compra o intercambio, y también se enriqueció con el comercio de cereales, que transportaban por el río Bug hasta Gdańsk. Su hijo Jan en 1580 era propietario de 16 aldeas ubicadas. Adam Kosiński estaba casado con Anna Irzykowicz y, además de su hijo Jan, también tuvo una hija, Katarzyna (casada con Jan Zbigniew Ossoliński , voivoda de Podlaquia).
Un pariente del castellano de Podlasie (probablemente su sobrino) fue Krzysztof Kosiński (1545-1593), un atamán cosaco que comandó el primer levantamiento cosaco contra Polonia. Al comienzo del levantamiento hubo un conflicto entre Kosiński y Janusz Ostrogski , cuando se le concedieron las 2 ciudades prometidas a Kosiński, Ostrogski lo atacó a él y a su ejército con un ejército cosaco de 5.000 efectivos. El conflicto privado pronto se convirtió en un levantamiento cosaco-campesino a nivel nacional. Józef Bohdan Zaleski le dedicó la canción Dumka de Hetman Kosiński y se erigió un monumento en su memoria en Bila Tserkva en Ucrania. Tuvo tres hijos: Jan, Teodor y Adam Chleb, este último permaneció en Polonia, mientras que los demás se fueron a Rusia.
El apogeo de la familia fue en el siglo XVI. En el siglo siguiente, esta familia creció significativamente y al mismo tiempo se empobreció, por lo que pasó a depender económicamente de la poderosa nobleza. La pauperización de la familia obligó a la familia Kosiński a casarse con representantes de familias más ricas de otros voivodados. Prueba de ello es que la familia Kosiński se extendió por toda Polonia en el siglo XVII.
El miembro más distinguido de la familia en Polonia fue:
· el general Antoni Amilkar Kosiński . Nació en 1769 en la región de Drohickie, en la ya pobre familia Kosiński. Cofundó las legiones polacas en Italia y participó en muchas batallas napoleónicas. Por sus servicios, recibió dos veces la Orden de Virtuti Militari .
· Władysław Kosiński (1814-1887), oficial, activista político, miembro de la Centralización de Poznań, coorganizador del Levantamiento de la Gran Polonia .
13.8.2023: THE CULTURAL AND ACADEMIC PRESTIGE OF THE CULTURAL WORK OF THE CORPS OF THE NOBILITY OF CANTABRIA IS STRENGTHENING.
The Corps of the Nobility of Cantabria, through its Institute of Moral Sciences Pablo VI, develops a cultural, educational, academic, debate and thought activity of the highest level. Thus, the activities for the members and those awarded by our institution or the entrance speeches of the members of the Institute have been reaching remarkable academic excellence over time, we will soon publish a book with the compilation of the thoughts that our members have expressed in their speeches. admission to the Institute over the years. Our "publications" section will become a periodical edition on topics of heraldry, ethics, nobility or genealogy that will live up to the cultural prestige to which the institution aspires. The Conference on Ethics and Jurisprudence or the Conference on Ethics and Legislation have been a success for debate and sharing of ideas, a brilliant laboratory, the Basic Noble Law Master Course, with the priceless and disinterested help of the Hon. Santillana del Mar City Council, in its two editions, has guaranteed essential training for our members, the Master Course on values in the Habsburgs: Blessed Carlos of Austria, given by His Imperial and Royal Highness Archduke Carlos Felipe de Habsburgo-Lorena, approached history directly from its protagonists, the International Law Seminar of the Orders of Chivalry and the Seminar on the Regulation of Lordships reached surprising and innovative conclusions as a result of the research that the speakers carried out on the topics and the novelty of the Congresses International, where we hope to get the participation of young people, will undoubtedly be a pleasant intellectual surprise. All of this makes our Institute a reference cultural organization that is constantly being renewed, expanded, and that is already working on new exciting and surprising projects that we hope to be able to announce soon as a reality.
18.12.2022: "El señorío de la Ilustre Villa, Antigua Casa y Solar de Tejada"
(The Lordship of ancient and illustrious Village, Old House and Solar of Tejada)
The Lordship of ancient and illustrious Village, Old House and Solar of Tejada is the most ancient nobility title/institution in Spain.
This noble title was founded (according to the legend) in the year 844 by the hero of the Reconquista Sancho Fernández, a member of the Royal House of Asturias, who was also the Lieutenant of King Ramiro I of Asturias in the legendary Battle of Clavijo.
In the year 1460 the Henry IV, King of Castile confirmed the privileges of this ancient institution and its members who bear the title of “Señores Caballeros Diviseros”1). In this document of 1460 is mentioned a previous confirmation of the year 872 that specifies for the first time the foundation of the Lordship of Tejada and their privileges:
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the Lordship of Tejada would be inherited by the descendants of Sancho Fernández de Tejada until the end of times.
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All of them are recognized as noblemen and noblewomen,
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lords of their lands who would also have the right to bear the coat of arms as it is described in the confirmation of Henry IV of Castile.
1) An approximation of the meaning of this title is that of Feudal Lords related by blood who possess in equal measure rights over their lands but ruled by a council made of their own members.
Since that time all the descendants of Sancho Fernández de Tejada are inscribed in the famous "Libros Becerros" as Lords and then given the right to bear the coat of arms of Tejada.
The Solar de Tejada is located in Cameros, La Rioja surrounded by Pinillos, Almarza de Cameros, Muro de Cameros, Cabezón de Cameros and Laguna de Cameros. (Solar meaning primitive noble house or noble house of origin.)
Tejada has a size of 500 Hectares and has a house where the ceremonies of new Lords and Ladies are celebrated every October. Among them you can find the late Queen Consort Fabiola of Belgium, D. Froilán and Dña. Victoria de Marichalar y Borbón, nephew and niece of King Felipe VI of Spain, and many others.
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coat of arms of the Señorio de Solar de Tejada by Ilmo. Sr. D. Kreuz
coat of arms of the Señorio de Solar de Tejada
coat of arms of the Señorio de Solar de Tejada (1542)
Sancho Fernández de Tejada in Battle of Clavijo (5/23/844)
Concession of privileges 1491 for the Solar de Tejada signed by the Catholic Monarchs
Land of Tejada
Laguna de Cameros (near this village is located Casa Solar de Tejada)
the newly renovated Casa Solar de Tejada (where the annual meetings of the members of the Señorio de Solar de Tejada are held)
the newly renovated Casa Solar de Tejada
the interior of the Casa Solar de Tejada (where the annual meetings of the members of the Señorio are held)
an iron-doored place in the Casa Solar de Tejada where important Señorio de Solar de Tejada documents are kept
participants in the annual meeting of members of the Señorio de Solar de Tejada in front of Casa Solar de Tejada
3.10.2022: Castles in Cantabria (Ilmo. Sr. D. Stepanek) :
Castles and fortifications of the "castillo" type in Cantabria
Cantabria, a province and autonomous region of Spain with its capital, the port of Santander, has a rich history. Since the High Middle Ages, the royal power or the nobility built various types of fortifications here. Here we find mostly smaller fortresses - "torres" (defensive towers), however, we would also find several (6) more extensive fortifications of the "castillo" (castle) type:
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Castillo de Agüero. The Agüero Castle is a fortification at the junction of the fortress "torre" and the "castillo" located in Agüero, and served to defend this city. The fortification dates back to the 13th century and was built in the Gothic style. In the 14th century, the castle was modified. Since the time of Don Pedro González de Agüero, the castle belonged to the powerful Agüero family. Structurally it is a four-sided stable located in a meadow, with the corners protected by battlements. In reality, it looks more like a "torre", but its type is different from other "torres" in Cantabria, which is why this fortification is classified as a "castillo".
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Castillo de San Vicente de Argüeso, más conocido simplemente como Castillo de Argüeso (Argüeso Castle), is a medieval fortification of the Spanish community of the Hermandad de Campoo de Suso in southern Cantabria. It is located on top of an oval hill. On this oval hill near the town of Argüeso, a hermitage dedicated to San Vicente stood in the 9th century. The castle is characterized by its two towers. The right tower is believed to have been built in the 13th century and the left tower was built in the 14th century. In the 15th century, both towers were connected by a lower residential building. The castle belonged from the beginning to the powerful de la Vega family, and thanks to the marriage of Doña Leonor de la Vega with Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, it came to depend on another powerful family, the Mendoza family. In 1475 the noble title of Marquis of Argüeso was created.
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Castillo del Collao was a medieval castle that existed between the 8th and 12th centuries, located on the hill of El Collao near the town of Camargo. Not much of the castle has been preserved, only the foundations and lower parts of the walls of the entire complex are preserved. This fortification was the largest of its kind in Cantabria, its location allows you to have a great view of the bay of Santander.
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Castillo de Pedraja, (Castillo de Liencres o Castillo de Hércules), (Pedraja Castle) was a castle-type fortification located on the La Picota mountain, dominating the town of Liencres. The castle was probably founded by Don Garcilaso I de la Vega in the late 13th or early 14th century as part of the defense of the Señorío de la Vega. The existence of the castle is explicitly documented in 1403, when it became the administrative and judicial center of the Señorío de la Vega. The castle is considered the largest fortification in the eastern region of Asturias de Santillana. The castle now stands alone in the modest ruins of the castle walls. At present, the remains of the tower and the remains of the wall and the moat are preserved. The architecture of the castle is a transition between Romanesque and Gothic. The castle was surrounded by a moat 5m wide and 2m high, which protected a more or less square area. A rectangular tower protected the entrance to the castle grounds.
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Castillo de Santa Ana (Santa Ana Castle) is a fortress on a rocky promontory in the town of Castro-Urdiales. The castle building stands on a peninsula where there is the fortified church of Sta. Mª de la Asunción from the 13th century and at the same time also the ruins of an even older church (San Pedro from the 12th century). The castle has very good views of the sea, the port and the town of Castro-Urdiales. Due to this favorable location, in 1853 a lighthouse was built on the castle. The castle building has a pentagonal plan with cylindrical corner towers 15 meters high. It is one of the best preserved castles not only in Cantabria, but in all of northern Spain.
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Castillo de San Vicente (San Vicente Castle), also known as Castillo Real (the Royal Castle, the castle is a royal foundation), is located in the municipality of San Vicente de la Barquera. It is believed that the first castle in this place must have been built by King Alfonso I of Asturias. However, its current walls are later, from the 13th century. The castle was part of the defensive system of the city of San Vicente de la Barquera, it was connected to the city walls. Currently, the castle serves as a museum and as a venue for holding exhibitions. The castle itself is located on a rocky hill. The general shape of the castle is elongated, with more than 50 m long and about 20 m wide. The castle has two towers: one with a square plan in the east and another in the form of a pentagon in the west. The two towers are connected by a central building.
Castillo de Agüero
Castillo de Argüeso
His Imperial and Royal Highness, Archduke Charles Philipp of Habsburg-Lorraine (in Spain: Su Alteza Imperial y Real Don Carlos Felipe de Habsburgo-Lorena) and His Imperial and Royal Highness, Archduchess Annie-Claire of Habsburg-Lorraine (in Spain: Su Alteza Imperial y Real Doña Annie-Claire de Habsburgo-Lorena)
His Imperial and Royal Highness, Archduke Charles Philipp of Habsburg-Lorraine (spain: Carlos Felipe María Otón Lucas Marcos de Aviano Melchor de Habsburgo-Lorena y Arenberg), Imperial Prince of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, Duke of Lorraine, etc., is second child and first male of His Imperial and Royal Highness Archduke Felix of Habsburg-Lorraine and Princess and Duchess Anna-Eugenia of Arenberg.
By paternal line, HIRH Charles Philipp is the grandson of Blessed Charles I, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, etc. (he was beatified in Rome by the Pope John Paul II himself on October 3, 2004) and of Empress Zita and great-great-nephew of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico and Empress Carlota, and of Emperor Francis Josef I of Austria and the Empress Elisabeth („Sisi“).
/The Emperor, Blessed Charles I (1887-1922) is widely remembered for his fight for peace during the World War I. It is also known that during the time of worst famine he had all the court horses killed to feed the people of Vienna and to give pieces of firewood for carriages and furniture so that the people could warm themselves during the winter./
The Archduke’s academic background consists of a Bachelor in International Relations (1973-1975), El Colegio de México, Mexico City, Mexico; a Bachelor of Business Administration (1975-1978), Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico; a Master of Business Administration (1978-1980), from the prestigious Jesuit insitution Escuela Superior de Administración y Dirección de Empresas, Barcelona, Spain, and a Diploma Financial Derivatives (2011-2012), Mexico City, Mexico.
The Archduke worked at AWT Internationale Handels and Finanzierung A.G., Vienna, Austria from 1988 to 1990, was a Delegate of the Foreign Trade Bank (BANCOMEXT) in Vienna, Bonn, and Montréal and is currently President of Habsburg Financial Services, a wealth management firm.
The Archduke is fluent in several languages such as Spanish, German, French, English and Catalan, besides understanding several other European languages. In addition, his great taste for music has also led him to be a member of the Board of Trustees of the Music Festival of Morelia, over which he has presided since March 2012.
The Archduke and his first wife Martina, neé Donath have one child:
HIRH Julián Lorenzo Pedro de Habsburgo-Lorraine (born May 29, 1994 in Montréal)
and with his second wife HIRH Annie-Claire Andree Christine, neé Lacrambe (got married on May 12, 1998 in the Cathedral of Seville) have also one child:
HIRH Louis-Damien Henri Maria Marcos d'Aviano Melchor de Habsburgo-Lorraine (born September 23, 1998 in Montréal).
The Archduke is an intellectual and aficionado of the history of the House of Austria and his family traditions which has led him to give numerous lectures about his uncle, Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico, along with the European branches of his family. Moreover, he delivers conferences around the world on financial derivatives and asset management using derivative or structured financial products.
His Imperial and Royal Highness, Archduchess Annie-Claire Andree Christine of Habsburg-Lorraine (neé Lacrambe)
The Archduchess was born in Pau, France, on February 15, 1959, she was the first daughter of Dr. Henri Lacrambe, general practitioner of the French armed forces, knight of the Legion of Honor and officer of the National Order of Merit, veteran of the Algerian War of Independence, and Fanny Pruvost de Montrichard.
The Archduchess studied management at the Pau School of Commerce, in her hometown. She moved to Mexico for professional reasons in the 1980s, where, among other positions, she served as a professor at the Universidad Iberoamericana and deputy director of the business school at Universidad Anáhuac, both in Mexico City.
The Archduchess was Director of international and industrial logistics projects, member of the Board of Directors, vice president and General Secretary of the Franco-Mexican Chamber of Commerce and Industry; She is Chancellor of the Mexican Association of the Order of Malta in Mexico and commercial attaché of the National Bank of Foreign Trade (Mexico) (BANCOMEXT) in Montreal, Canada. She currently accompanies her husband in different events representing the Habsburg family, and as a delegate in Mexico of the Prayer League of Blessed Carlos of Austria for peace between the Nations.
father of HIRH Archduke Charles Philipp of Habsburg-Lorraine
His Imperial and Royal Highness, Archduke Felix Frederick Augustus of Habsburg-Lorraine, Imperial Prince of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, etc.
His Imperial and Royal Highness, Archduke Felix Frederick Augustus of Habsburg-Lorraine (german: Felix Friedrich August Maria vom Siege Franz Joseph Peter Karl Anton Robert Otto Pius Michael Benedikt Sebastian Ignatius Marcus d'Aviano), Imperial Prince of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, etc. (31 May 1916 – 6 September 2011), and great-nephew of the Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico (1832-1867).
His father was the Blessed Charles I, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, etc., the last Emperor of Austria (1887-1922).
The Archduke Felix was only three years old when the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire occurred, which would lead his family into exile, first in Switzerland and Madeira (Portugal), where his father died (1.4.1922), and then in Belgium.
Later he lived in the United States and Mexico. Unlike his brother the Crown Prince Otto, (who died on July 4, 2011 in Bavaria, Germany), the Archduke Felix of Habsburg-Lorraine never renounced his rights to the Austrian throne (!)
As a result of this refusal, he was never able to obtain permission to return to his country, except for a brief three-day stay in 1989 to attend the funeral of his mother, Empress Zita.
Later, in 1996, when the European Union freed its borders, he was able to enter illegally from Germany. On that occasion, he gave a press conference, for which the Austrian government warned him that if he illegally re-entered the country he would be persecuted (!)
Finally, an agreement was reached between the Archduke Felix, his brother the Archduke Charles Lewis, and the Austrian government, in which declared loyalty to the Republic without referring to his rights to the throne and his membership in the imperial family.
During his stay in the United States, the Archduke Felix served as an advisor to President F. D. Roosevelt to try to counter the influence of the Nazis in the Austrian Army and as an expert on the Tyrolean region (the Nazis had blacklisted the Habsburgs and condemned to dead).
In 1942 he joined the US Army in a special Austrian battalion that was disbanded shortly thereafter.
At the end of the 1940s, the Archduke Felix arrived in Mexico where he would stay permanently. He married the Belgian Princess and Duchess Anna-Eugenia of Arenberg in 1952 and had seven children:
Archduchess María del Pilar, Archduke Carlos Felipe, Archduchess Kinga Barbara, Archduke Raimundo, Archduchess Myriam, Archduke Esteban and Archduchess Viridis.
The Archduke Felix, who liked to visit the Castle of Chapultepec (Mexico City), died at the age of 95, in his house in the San Ángel neighborhood.
HIRH Archduke Martin of Austria-Este, Imperial Prince of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, Prince of Modena
HIRH Archduke Martin of Austria-Este, Imperial Prince of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, Prince of Modena, (full name in Italy: Carlo Amedeo Maria, Arciduca d’Austria Este, Principe Imperiale d’Austria, Principe Reale d’Ungheria e Boemia, Principe di Modena), (*Boulogne-sur-Seine on 21 December 1959)
HIRH Archduke Martin of Austria-Este has four siblings:
Archduchess Maria Beatrice (*11 December 1954), who married on 26 April 1980 in Chartres Count Riprand of Arco-Zinneberg
Archduke Lorenz (*16 December 1955), who married on 22 September 1984 at Brussels, Princess Astrid of Belgium (*1962), daughter of King Albert II of the Belgians
Archduke Gerhard (*30 October 1957), who wed in 2015 Iris Jandrasits (born 1961)
Archduchess Isabella (*2 March 1963), who wed Count Andrea Czarnocki-Lucheschi
On May 10, 2004 in Birstein, (Germany) HIRH Archduke Martin of Austria-Este married Princess Katharina Elisabeth Helene of Isenburg-Birstein (*1971, daughter of HRH Franz Alexander 6th Prince of Isenburg and Princess Christine, née Countess of Saurma-Jeltsch) and they have four children:
HIRH Bartolomeo Carlo Roberto, Archduke of Austria-Este, Imperial Prince of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, Prince of Modena, (*Pavia on 27 July 2006)
HIRH Emmanuele Achatius Francesco Alessandro Archduke of Austria-Este, Imperial Prince of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, Prince of Modena, (*Pavia on February 15, 2008)
HIRH Elena, Archduchess of Austria-Este, Imperial Princess of Austria, Royal Princess of Hungary and Bohemia, Princess of Modena, (*Pavia on 13 July 2009)
HIRH Luigi Amedeo Taddeo, Archduke of Austria-Este, Imperial Prince of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, Prince of Modena, (*Pavia on February 12, 2011)
Archduchess Katharina Elisabeth Helene of Austria-Este has two sister and two brothers:
Princess Sophie Johanna Maria of Isenburg-Birstein (*1978), who married in 2011 Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, head of the House of Hohenzollern
Isabelle, Dowager Princess of Wied
Prince Alexander of Isenburg-Birstein
Prince Viktor of Isenburg-Birstein
Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico
The Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico (born with full name - German: Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen, Spanish: Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena; *6 July 1832, Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria, +19 June 1867, Cerro de las Campanas, Mexico )
His father was Archduke Franz Karl (1802-1878), the second surviving son of the last Holy Roman Emperor and the first Austrian Emperor - Francis I (1768-1835), during whose reign he was born. Maximilian was thus a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, a female-line cadet branch of the House of Habsburg. His mother was Princess Sophie of Bavaria (1805-1872), a member of the House of Wittelsbach.
Archduke Maximilian was a particularly clever boy who displayed considerable culture in his taste for the arts, and he demonstrated an early interest in science, especially botany. When he entered military service, he was trained in the Imperial Austrian Navy. He threw himself into this career with so much zeal that he quickly rose to high command.
He was made a lieutenant in the navy at the age of eighteen. In 1854, he sailed as commander in the corvette Minerva, on an exploring expedition along the coast of Albania and Dalmatia. Archduke Maximilian was especially interested in maritime matters and undertook many long-distance journeys (for Brazil) on the frigate Elisabeth. In 1854, when he was only 22 years old—as a younger brother of the emperor, and thus a member of the ruling family—he was appointed as commander-in-chief of the Imperial Austrian Navy (1854–1861), which he reorganized in the following years. Archduke Maximilian had a keen personal interest in the fleet, and with him the Austrian naval force gained an influential supporter from the ranks of the imperial family. This was crucial, as sea power had never been a priority of Austrian foreign policy, and the navy itself was relatively little known or supported by the public. It was only able to draw significant public attention and funds when it was actively supported by an imperial prince. As commander-in-chief, Archduke Maximilian carried out many reforms to modernise the naval forces, and was instrumental in creating the naval port at Trieste and Pula, as well as the battle fleet with which Admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff (1827-1871) would later secure his victories. He also initiated a large-scale scientific expedition (1857–1859) during which the frigate SMS Novara became the first Austrian warship to circumnavigate the globe.
Archduke Maximilian was very much influenced by the progressive ideas in vogue at the time. He had a reputation as a liberal, and this was one of several considerations leading to his appointment as viceroy of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia in February 1857. His brother Emperor Franz Joseph I had decided on the need to replace the elderly field marschal Count Josef Václav Radecký of Radče (1766-1858), to divert growing discontent amongst the Italian population through token liberalization, and to encourage a degree of personal loyalty to the Habsburg dynasty.
On 27 July 1857, in Brussels, Archduke Maximilian married his second cousin Charlotte, the daughter of the King Leopold I of Belgium and Louise of Orléans. They lived in Milan, the capital of Lombardy-Venetia, from 1857 until 1859, when Emperor Franz Joseph I, angered by his brother's liberal policies, dismissed him. Shortly after, Austria lost control of most of its Italian possessions. Archduke Maximilian then retired to Trieste, near which he built Miramare Castle. At the same time, the couple acquired a converted monastery on the island of Lokrum as a holiday residence. Both estates had extensive gardens, reflecting Maximilian's horticultural interests.
Mexico
In 1859, Archduke Maximilian was first approached by Mexican monarchists—members of the Mexican nobility, led by José Pablo Martínez del Río—with a proposal to become the emperor of Mexico. The Habsburg family had ruled the Viceroyalty of New Spain from its establishment until the Spanish throne was inherited by the Bourbons. Archduke Maximilian was considered to have more potential legitimacy than other royal figures, and was unlikely to ever rule in Europe due to his elder brother.
On 20 October 1861 in Paris, Archduke Maximilian received a letter from Gutierrez de Estrada asking him to take the Mexican throne. He did not accept at first, but sought to satisfy his restless desire for adventure with a botanical expedition to the tropical forests of Brazil. However, Archduke Maximilian changed his mind after the French intervention in Mexico. At the invitation of the French Emperor Napoleon III, after General Élie-Frédéric Forey's capture of Mexico City and a French-organized plebiscite that confirmed the proclamation of the empire, Archduke Maximilian consented to accept the crown in October 1863. On 9 April 1864 Archduke Maximilian met with his brother Emperor Francis Joseph I at Miramare Castle to sign a "Family Pact". In this document Archduke Maximilian renounced any rights to the Austrian throne or as an Archduke of Austria. This renunciation followed an extended period of negotiations between the two brothers and was agreed to by Archduke Maximilian with reluctance. On 10 April 1864 Archduke Maximilian officially accepted the crown of the Mexican throne.
Archduke Maximilian traveled to Mexico from Trieste aboard SMS Novara, escorted by the frigates SMS Bellona (Austrian) and Thémis (French), and the Imperial yacht Phantasie led the warship procession from his palace at Miramare out to sea. They received a blessing from Pope Pius IX, and Queen Victoria ordered the Gibraltar garrison to fire a salute for Maximilian's passing ship.
Archduke Maximilian, now as Maximilian I , emperor of Mexico, landed at Veracruz on 29 May 1864, and received a cold reception from the townspeople. Veracruz was a liberal town, and the liberal voters were opposed to having Archduke Maximilian on the throne. There was continuous fighting between the French expeditionary forces (who were supplemented by Maximilian's recruited imperial troops, also from Austrian Empire) on one side and the Mexican Republicans led by President Benito Juárez on the other.
The imperial couple chose as their seat Mexico City. The emperor and empress set up their residence at Chapultepec Castle, located on the top of a hill formerly on the outskirts of Mexico City that had been a retreat of Aztec emperors. Emperor Maximilian I ordered a wide avenue cut through the city from Chapultepec to the city center named Paseo de Chapultepec or Paseo de la Emperatriz. The royal couple made plans to be crowned at the Catedral Metropolitana, but due to the constant instability of the regime, the coronation was never carried out.
To the dismay of his conservative allies, Emperor Maximilian I upheld several liberal policies proposed by the Juárez administration, such as land reforms, religious freedom, and extending the right to vote beyond the landholding classes. At first, Emperor Maximilian I offered Juárez an amnesty if he would swear allegiance to the crown, even offering him the post of prime minister, which Juárez refused.
After the end of the American Civil War, President of the USA Andrew Johnson invoked the Monroe Doctrine and recognized the Juarez government as the legitimate government of Mexico. The United States applied increasing diplomatic pressure to persuade French Emperor Napoleon III to end French support of Emperor Maximilian I and to withdraw French troops from Mexico. USA began supplying partisans of Juárez and his ally Porfirio Díaz by "losing" arms depots to them at El Paso del Norte at the Mexican border. The prospect of an American invasion to reinstate Juárez caused a large number of Emperor Maximilian's loyal adherents to abandon his cause and leave the capital.
Emperor Maximilian I invited ex-Confederates to move to Mexico in a series of settlements called the "Carlota Colony" and the New Virginia Colony, with a dozen others being considered, a plan conceived by the internationally renowned U.S. Navy oceanographer and inventor Matthew Fontaine Maury. Emperor Maximilian I also invited settlers from "any country", including Austria and the other German states.
In 1866, the imminence of the Emperor Maximilian's abdication seemed apparent to almost everyone outside Mexico. That year, French Emperor Napoleon III withdrew his troops in the face of Mexican resistance and U.S. opposition under the Monroe Doctrine, as well as to strengthen his forces at home to face the ever-growing Prussian military and von Bismarck. Empress Charlotte travelled to Europe, seeking assistance for her husband's regime in Paris and Vienna and, finally, in Rome from Pope Pius IX. Her efforts failed, and she suffered a deep emotional collapse and never went back to Mexico.
Though urged to abandon Mexico by French Emperor Napoleon III himself, whose troop withdrawal from Mexico was a great blow to the Mexican Imperial cause, Emperor Maximilian I was reluctant to desert his followers. Uncertain as to his future course of action, Emperor Maximilian I allowed a conference of twenty-three of his supporters to vote against his abdication. Faithful generals such as Miguel Miramón, Leonardo Márquez, and Tomás Mejía vowed to raise an army that would challenge the invading Republicans. Emperor Maximilian I fought on with his army of 8,000 Mexican loyalists. Withdrawing, in February 1867, to Santiago de Querétaro, he sustained a siege for several weeks, but on 11 May resolved to attempt an escape through the enemy lines. This plan was sabotaged by Colonel Miguel López who secretly agreed with the Republican General Escobedo to open a gate and lead a raiding party to seize the Imperial headquarters. López appears to have assumed that Emperor Maximilian I would be allowed to escape.
Santiago de Querétaro fell on 15 May 1867 and Emperor Maximilian I was captured the next morning after the failure of an attempt to escape through Republican lines by a loyal hussar cavalry brigade led by the Prince Felix of Salm-Salm. Following a court-martial, he was sentenced to death. A number of the crowned heads of Europe and other prominent figures (including the eminent liberals Victor Hugo and Giuseppe Garibaldi) sent telegrams and letters to Mexico requesting that the Emperor's life be spared.
Although he liked Emperor Maximilian I on a personal level, Juárez refused to commute the sentence in view of the Mexicans who had been killed fighting against Maximilian's forces, and because he believed it was necessary to send a message that Mexico would not tolerate any government imposed by foreign powers. Prince Felix of Salm-Salm and his wife masterminded a plan and bribed the jailors to allow Emperor Maximilian I to escape execution. However, Emperor Maximilian I would not go through with the plan because he felt that shaving his beard to avoid recognition would ruin his dignity if he were to be recaptured.
The sentence was carried out in the Cerro de las Campanas at 6:40 a.m. on the morning of 19 June 1867, when Emperor Maximilian I, along with Generals Miramón and Mejía, was executed by a firing squad. He spoke only in Spanish and gave each of his executioners a gold coin not to shoot him in the head so that his mother could see his face. His last words were spoken in Spanish: „Mexicanos! Muero por la causa de México. No dejen que nadie pise sus ideales, ni sus derechos más sagrados. Espero que la sangre de este mexicano sea la última que se derrame. Viva México!" ("I forgive everyone, and I ask everyone to forgive me. May my blood, which is about to be shed, be for the good of the country. Viva México! ").
After his execution, body of Emperor Maximilian I was embalmed and displayed in Mexico. Early the following year, the Austrian admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff was sent to Mexico aboard SMS Novara to take the former emperor's body back to Austria. After arriving in Trieste, the coffin was taken to Vienna and placed within the Imperial Crypt, on 18 January 1868. The Emperor Maximilian Memorial Chapel was constructed on the hill where his execution took place in 1901.
Emperor of Austria Francis Joseph I (sitting) with his brothers (including Maximilian), 1863
Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico and his wife Empress Charlotte
Mexican delegation offers the Mexican throne to the Archduke Maximilian of Austria in Miramare Castle by Cesare Dell'Acqua (1867)
portrait of the Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico, 1864
portrait of the Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico
CoA of the Second Mexican Empire (1864-1867)
official flag of the Second Mexican Empire (1864-1867)
official personal flag of the Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico (1864-1867)
postage stamp from the time of government of the Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico
map of the Second Mexican Empire (1864-1867)
Miramare Castle by Trieste in Italy (ca 1915)
Miramare Castle by Trieste in Italy
Mexico City, Chapultepec Castle, (ca 1885)
Mexico City, Chapultepec Castle
Mexico City, Chapultepec Castle at night
Execution of the Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico with gen. Miramón and Mejía, June 19, 1867, by Edouard Manet, painted 1868
Embarkation of the body of the late Emperor Maximilian I at Vera Cruz, Mexico by frigate Novara, in The Illustrated London News, 11.1.1868
tomb of the Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico in Vienna
castle and the town of Hardegg in Austria, in the castle is the museum of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico.
The castle was owned by Prince Johann Karl Khevenhüller-Metsch (1839-1905). In 1864 he became a member of the corps of Austrian volunteers in Mexico. After the departure of the majority army of the French in 1866, Khevenhüller remained and was appointed commander of a cavalry regiment of 800 men, called the "Red Hussars". He served emperor until the tragic end of his reign. He witnessed unsuccessful negotiations with President Juárez. When the emperor was executed, it was Khevenhüller who hoisted a white flag on the citadel. He was captured by the insurgents and negotiated with General Porfirio Diaz for the free departure of his regiment.
He escorted the emperor's coffin back to Austria.
He kept a diary throughout his stay in Mexico.